Potential Effects of FQPA onVegetable Growers in South Carolina

Summaries on Vegetable Crops

• Diseases
• Insects

Vegetables

Impact of FQPA on South Carolina Vegetable Crops with Respect to Plant Diseases

Anthony Keinath, Extension Plant Pathologist

October 1998

General Comments

2) Several new fungicides (azoxystrobin and myclobutanil) that could replace many uses of carbamates and B1/B2 carcinogens are close to registration. They very likely could be used under Sec. 18 requests or state crisis exemptions in 1999.

Comments on Individual Crops

Maximum fungicide use is on this crop.

Alternatives: Azoxystrobin (registration anticipated) alternated with copper (my data on efficacy).

Yield: No change.

Crop: Cantaloupe

Alternatives: Azoxystrobin (registration anticipated) alternated with copper; myclobutanil (registration anticipated); mefenoxam/copper or ALIETTTE (costly material).

Yield: No change or -5%.

Crop: Cucumber

Alternatives: same as cantaloupe

Yield: Spring crop: no change. Fall crop (20% of spring cucumber crop acreage): -40% loss (North Carolina data) due to target spot if azoxystrobin is not an effective replacement for carbamates (no data on efficacy against this disease).

Crop: Summer squash

Alternatives: same as cantaloupe

Yield: No change.

Crop: Tomato

Alternatives: Azoxystrobin already registered. No alternative to B1/B2 EBDC fungicides used to enhance effectiveness of coppers, although the benefits of mixing are debated. Fall crop is ~5% of summer crop.

Yield: -10% in fall crop; 5% loss due to bacterial spot in main-season crop.

Crop: Snap bean

Alternatives: sulfur, DCNA and PCNB for one carbamate use.

Yield: -5 to 10% due to gray mold, alternatives to carbamates not effective against this disease.

Crop: Lima bean (~2,000 acres)

Alternatives: sulfur/copper, possibly azoxystrobin.

Yield: no change, as carbamates and B1/B2 not currently registered.

Crop: Collard

(Alternatives: sulfur/copper, possibly azoxystrobin.)

Yield: no change, as carbamates and B1/B2 not currently registered.

Crop: Turnip

Alternatives: sulfur/copper.

Yield: -38% (roots), -32% (tops) (Tennessee data) without carbamate fungicide; no B1/B2 registered.

Crop: Mustard greens

(Alternatives: sulfur/copper, possibly azoxystrobin.)

Yield: no change, as carbamates and B1/B2 not currently registered.

Crop: Kale

Alternatives: sulfur/copper.

Yield: -10% for loss of B1/B2 fungicide; (carbamates not currently registered).

Crop: Sweet corn

Alternatives: Propiconazole

Yield: no change; (carbamates not currently registered).

Crop: Onion, dry bulb and green.

Alternatives: possibly azoxystrobin, dry bulb-mefenoxam/copper, or Aliette (costly)

Yield: -10 to 20% (rough estimate). Green onions 30-50% to downy mildew, other diseases.
 

Comments on Question 3:

Comments on a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide on South Carolina Vegetables and Selected Field Crops

R.P. Griffin and P. Smith, Dept. of Entomology

October 1998

These vegetables/pests will have no alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are provided where available.

Vegetable	Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available
Sweet corn:	rootworms, wireworms, billbugs, seedcorn maggot. 20% yield loss in coastal plain (coastal plain is half of total acreage)
Irish potatoes:	wireworms 30% yield loss on approximately 700 coastal plain acres
Sweetpotatoes:	wireworms, fleabeetle larvae, flea beetles
Beans:	bean leaf beetle, lima bean pod borer, bean leafroller, leafminer, thrips, loopers, plant bugs, wireworms
Broccoli:	root maggots, mole crickets
Cabbage:	root maggots, mole crickets
Cantaloupe:	beet armyworms, thrips
Collards:	flea beetle, root maggots
Cucumbers:	thrips, beet armyworm
Greens:	root maggots
Okra:	aphids, Japanese beetles, corn earworm
Onions:	onion maggot
Southern pea:	loopers, thrips, cutworms
Peppers:	cutworms
Pumpkin:	flea beetles

 

These field crops/pests will have no alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are provided.

Field Crop	Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available
Pasture grass:	fall armyworm, true armyworm, grasshoppers 20 % yield loss
Alfalfa:	alfalfa webworm, tree-corned alfalfa hopper, blister beetle
Sorghum:	aphids

 

These vegetables/pests will have one alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are provided.

Vegetable	Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available
Asparagus:	asparagus beetle - permethrin
Beans:	corn earworm, cutworm, pea aphids - esfenvalerate
Cantaloupe:	aphids - endosulfan
Collards:	aphids - imidacloprid harequin bug - endosulfan
Eggplant:	corn earworm - esfenvalerate
Greens:	aphids - imidacloprid flea beetles, harlequin bug - endosulfan
Southern pea:	aphids, cowpea curculio, hornworms - endosulfan
Peppers:	hornworms, pepper maggot - endosulfan
Spinach:	aphids - endosulfan cutworm - permethrin
Squash:	aphids - endosulfan
Tomato:	blister beetle - endosulfan
Watermelon:	aphids - endosulfan

 

These field crops/pests will have one alternative chemicals available. Estimates of yield loss are provided.

Field Crop	Associated Pests and Yield Losses, where available
Alfalfa:	alfalfa weevil, pea aphid, fall armyworm, potato leafhopper - permethrin
Sorghum:	corn earworm, fall armyworm, sorghum webworm, sorghum midge, lesser cornstalk borer, chinch bug - cyhalothrin